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- PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111)))) PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111))))
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- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- passwd - change login password and password attributes
-
- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- ppppaaaasssssssswwwwdddd [ _n_a_m_e ]
-
- ppppaaaasssssssswwwwdddd [ ----llll | ----dddd ] [ ----nnnn _m_i_n ] [ ----ffff ] [ ----xxxx _m_a_x ] [ ----wwww _w_a_r_n ] _n_a_m_e
-
- ppppaaaasssssssswwwwdddd ----ssss [ ----aaaa ]
-
- ppppaaaasssssssswwwwdddd ----ssss [ _n_a_m_e ]
-
- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- The _p_a_s_s_w_d command changes the password or lists password attributes
- associated with the user's login _n_a_m_e. Additionally, super-users may use
- _p_a_s_s_w_d to install or change passwords and attributes associated with any
- login _n_a_m_e. Passwords for NIS entries that don't override the _p_a_s_s_w_d
- field with a local value must be changed with _y_p_p_a_s_s_w_d(1).
-
- When used to change a password, _p_a_s_s_w_d prompts ordinary users for their
- old password, if any. It then prompts for the new password twice. The
- first time the new password is entered _p_a_s_s_w_d checks to see if the old
- password has ``aged'' sufficiently. (Aging is not supported for NIS
- entries, even if they have locally overridden passwords.) Password
- "aging" is the amount of time (usually a certain number of days) that
- must elapse between password changes. If ``aging'' is insufficient the
- new password is rejected and _p_a_s_s_w_d terminates; see _p_a_s_s_w_d(4).
-
- Assuming ``aging'' is sufficient, a check is made to insure that the new
- password meets construction requirements. When the new password is
- entered a second time, the two copies of the new password are compared.
- If the two copies are not identical the cycle of prompting for the new
- password is repeated for at most two more times.
-
- Passwords must be constructed to meet the following requirements:
-
- Each password must have at least six characters. Only the first
- eight characters are significant.
-
- Each password must contain at least two alphabetic characters and at
- least one numeric or special character. In this case,
- ``alphabetic'' means upper and lower case letters.
-
- Each password must differ from the user's login _n_a_m_e and any reverse
- or circular shift of that login _n_a_m_e. For comparison purposes, an
- upper case letter and its corresponding lower case letter are
- equivalent.
-
- New passwords must differ from the old by at least three characters.
- For comparison purposes, an upper case letter and its corresponding
- lower case letter are equivalent.
-
-
-
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
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- PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111)))) PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111))))
-
-
-
- One whose effective user ID is zero is called a super-user; see _i_d(1),
- and _s_u(1). Super-users may change any password; hence, _p_a_s_s_w_d does not
- prompt super-users for the old password. Super-users are not forced to
- comply with password aging and password construction requirements. A
- super-user can create a null password by entering a carriage return in
- response to the prompt for a new password. (This differs from ppppaaaasssssssswwwwdddd ----dddd
- because the "password" prompt will still be displayed.)
-
- Any user may use the ----ssss option to show password attributes for his or her
- own login _n_a_m_e.
-
- The format of the display will be:
-
- _n_a_m_e _s_t_a_t_u_s _u_i_d _g_i_d _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _s_h_e_l_l mm/dd/yy _m_i_n _m_a_x
-
- or, if password aging information is not present,
-
- _n_a_m_e _s_t_a_t_u_s _u_i_d _g_i_d _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _s_h_e_l_l
-
- or, if the entry is from NIS,
-
- _n_a_m_e _s_t_a_t_u_s _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _s_h_e_l_l
-
- where
-
- _n_a_m_e The login ID of the user.
-
- _s_t_a_t_u_s The password status of _n_a_m_e: "PS" stands for passworded or
- locked, "LK" stands for locked, and "NP" stands for no
- password.
-
- _u_i_d Numerical user ID
-
- _g_i_d Numerical group ID
-
- _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y Initial working directory
-
- _s_h_e_l_l program to use as Shell when the user logs in.
-
- _m_m/_d_d/_y_y The date password was last changed for _n_a_m_e. (Because all
- password aging dates are determined using Greenwich Mean Time
- and /_e_t_c/_p_a_s_s_w_d stores the information in weeks, the date may
- differ by as much as a week depending upon the local time
- zone.)
-
- _m_i_n The minimum number of days required between password changes
- for _n_a_m_e.
-
- _m_a_x The maximum number of days the password is valid for _n_a_m_e.
-
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-
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
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- PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111)))) PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111))))
-
-
-
- Only a super-user can use the following options:
-
- ----llll Locks password entry for _n_a_m_e, preventing all logins to that
- account, except via the _r_h_o_s_t_s(4) mechanism. Note that this
- feature allows a denial of service attack that may require
- booting from the miniroot to fix, as even the root accounts can
- be locked out.
-
- ----dddd Deletes password for _n_a_m_e. The login _n_a_m_e will not be prompted
- for password.
-
- ----nnnn Set minimum field for _n_a_m_e. The _m_i_n field contains the minimum
- number of days between password changes for _n_a_m_e. If _m_i_n is
- greater than _m_a_x, the user may not change the password. Always
- use this option with the ----xxxx option, unless _m_a_x is set to -1 or
- 0 (aging turned off). In that case, _m_i_n need not be set.
-
- ----xxxx Set maximum field for _n_a_m_e. The _m_a_x field contains the number
- of days that the password is valid for _n_a_m_e. The aging for
- _n_a_m_e will be turned off immediately if _m_a_x is set to -1. If it
- is set to 0, then the user is forced to change the password at
- the next login session and aging is turned off. If _m_a_x is less
- than _m_i_n, only the super-user can change this user's password.
-
- ----aaaa Show password attributes for all entries. Use only with ----ssss
- option; _n_a_m_e must not be provided.
-
- ----ffff Force the user to change password at the next login by expiring
- the password for _n_a_m_e.
-
- ----wwww The _w_a_r_n argument indicates the number of days before the
- password expires that the user is warned. This option is
- supported only when the shadow passwords are in use.
-
- The behavior of the program is influenced by the content of
- /_e_t_c/_d_e_f_a_u_l_t/_p_a_s_s_w_d if this file exists. The file is not supplied with
- the system, but may be locally created and modified as need be. If the
- file is not present, the default behaviors described below are followed.
- The following items are recognized:
-
- HHHHIIIISSSSTTTTOOOORRRRYYYYCCCCNNNNTTTT====nnnn
- the number of previous passwords to retain in /_e_t_c/_p_a_s_s_w_d._h_i_s_t_o_r_y
- for each system user. The default behavior is to not retain any
- (and to not create the file). Previously used passwords found in
- the history file may not be reused until HISTORYCNT other passwords
- have been used, or HISTORYDAYS have elapsed. The superuser may
- supply any password for a user, including previously used ones.
- This superuser supplied password is retained in the history file.
- The maximum value is 25.
-
-
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333
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- PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111)))) PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111))))
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- HHHHIIIISSSSTTTTOOOORRRRYYYYDDDDAAAAYYYYSSSS====nnnn
- the number of days to retain and check for previously used
- passwords. The default behavior is to not retain any (and to not
- create the history file). The maximum value is 730 (approximately
- two years). If HISTORYCNT has not been specified and this parameter
- has been, HISTORYCNT is set to 25. Smaller values of HISTORYCNT may
- be specified.
-
- MMMMAAAAXXXXWWWWEEEEEEEEKKKKSSSS====nnnn
- the maximum number of weeks that the password is valid. The default
- behavior is to not set a value. This is equivalent to the -_x _X_X
- command line arguments.
-
- MMMMIIIINNNNWWWWEEEEEEEEKKKKSSSS====nnnn
- minimum number of weeks between password changes (part of password
- aging). The default behavior is to not set a value. This is
- equivalent to the -_n _X_X command line arguments.
-
- PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSGGGGEEEENNNN====////ppppaaaatttthhhh
- external program to be invoked to supply generated passwords. The
- default behavior is to not have such a program. The program is
- invoked in lieu of getting a password from the user. The user must
- select one of the choices offered. The superuser may still supply
- passwords, and is not presented with the generated passwords. The
- program must be specified as a full pathname (starts with /). It
- should produce the passwords on separate lines with a trailing new
- line character on its stdout which is read by _p_a_s_s_w_d and presented
- to the user. Up to 20 generated passwords may be supplied by the
- program. If it generates more than 20, an error message is printed
- and no passwords are presented. No generating programs are supplied
- with the system.
-
- PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSLLLLEEEENNNNGGGGTTTTHHHH====nnnn
- minimum length of an acceptable password. This defaults to 6, and
- has a maximum value of 8.
-
- PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDDVVVVAAAALLLLIIIIDDDDAAAATTTTEEEE====////ppppaaaatttthhhh
- external program to be invoked to validate a new password. The
- default behavior is to not have such a program. The program is
- invoked after the basic validation steps discussed above. It must be
- specified as a full pathname (starts with /). The program receives
- the new password in the clear, with a trailing new line, on its
- standard input, which is closed after writing this one line. The
- _p_a_s_s_w_d program issues a _w_a_i_t(2) and obtains the exit status of the
- external validation program. Exit status of 0 indicates the new
- password is acceptable, all other status values indicate an error
- and the new password is not accepted. The exit status of the
- external validation program should be one of the values listed below
- in the DDDDIIIIAAAAGGGGNNNNOOOOSSSSTTTTIIIICCCCSSSS section. Passwords being changed by the
- superuser are not subject to this validation. No external
- validation programs are supplied with the system.
-
-
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 4444
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- PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111)))) PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111))))
-
-
-
- WWWWAAAARRRRNNNNWWWWEEEEEEEEKKKKSSSS====nnnn
- number of weeks before password expiration to begin warning the
- user. The default behavior is to not set a value. This is
- equivalent to the -_w _X_X comand line arguments.
-
- NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEE
- Aging does not work with NIS entries, even if the password is locally
- overridden.
-
- The _p_a_s_s_w_d command will silently delete commented lines (lines beginning
- with #) from /etc/passwd.
-
- FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
- /etc/passwd, /etc/opasswd, /etc/.pwd.lock, /etc/shadow, /etc/oshadow,
- /etc/default/passwd, /etc/passwd.history
-
- SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
- id(1M), login(1), su(1M).
- yppasswd(1) for NIS passwords.
- crypt(3C), passwd(4), shadow(4).
-
- DDDDIIIIAAAAGGGGNNNNOOOOSSSSTTTTIIIICCCCSSSS
- The ppppaaaasssssssswwwwdddd command exits with one of the following values:
-
- 0 SUCCESS.
-
- 1 Permission denied.
-
- 2 Invalid combination of options.
-
- 3 File manipulation error.
-
- 4 Old password or shadow password file cannot be recovered.
-
- 5 Password file(s) busy. Try again later.
-
- 6 Invalid argument to option.
-
- 7 Unexpected failure. Password file unchanged.
-
- 8 Unknown login name.
-
- 9 Password aging is disabled.
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 5555
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